Types of writing Writing can be expressive, poetic, informative and persuasive. Depending on the type of writing, the writer concentrates either on the subject matter of the written piece, or on the reader, or on one’s own feelings and thoughts. The triangle of the “subject matter”, “writer” and “reader” is shown below. Subject matter Writer Reader (After J.Kinneavy. Quoted in T.O´Brien. 1996. P. 8). In expressive writing an emphasis is made on the writer him/herself expressing one´s own thoughts as in a diary. In poetic writing the emphasis is made on the language, as the choice of language creates the necessary poetic effect. In informative writing the emphasis is on the subject matter. In persuasive writing emphasis is on the reader who is in the focus of the writers attention and whose train of thought the writer is intending the change. Why do we write? Writing can be done with the purpose of description, narration, exposition, persuasion and reasoning. Description presents typical features of a living being, an object or an abstract image to make it recognizable. Character drawing, verbal portrait, putting image in words Narration tells of events in succession. Paragraph, anecdote, short story, diary, fable, myth, personal letter Exposition describes circumstances. News story, business letter, autobiography, resume Persuasion makes people change their behavior or train of thought. Letter of complaint, letter to the editor, review, advertisement Reasoning invites the reader to follow the logic of the author and to co-operate in producing ideas. Essay, report, article, research paper Schemata theory for writing To write on a subject, one has to have some prior knowledge on what to write. The schemata concept can be interpreted as a structure for organizing knowledge, which can be imaged as a "series of slots plus fillers" in the writer’s mind. It serves the function of the "cognitive schemes" or, in other words, functions as the “route of cognition” that exists in the individual mind. It´s the "schema" that gives our knowledge “the direction of thought”, in which we try to find the answer to a question or to a problem. Thus, a "schema" (the knowledge a person already has) can serve as a semantic interface between a person and a surrounding world. Text format Teaching to write is inseparable from teaching a text format, i.e. a typical lay-out of the text. For teaching writing it is essential to use the following formats of texts: congratulations and condolences, telegrams, notes, signs, labels, captions, notices, menus, advertisements, personal letters, nvitations, business letters, applications for a job, CV, references, letters of complaint, letters of recommendation recipes, diaries, log-books, dictation, note-taking, reproductions, abstracts, summaries, reviews, reports, précis, synopsis, case-studies, projects, essays, stories, poems. E.g. business letter is usually laid out as

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